1940 War PALESTINE Emergency PAPER WRAPPER Bag WASHING POWDER Hebrew HAIFA SOAP

Description

DESCRIPTION
: Here for sale is an ORIGINAL Palestine-  Hebrew - Eretz Israeli JEWISH illustrated ADVERTISING paper bag which was designed and manufactured in Israel in the 1940's . This WAR TIMES ( WW2 or the Israel 1948-9 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE" advertising paper bag is all about the TEXT , Not the design. The very archaic text is " UNDER GOVERNMENT DIRECTION and SUPERVISION" and also " PROVISIONAL EMERGENCY PACKAGE ! " . The washing powder "TASBIN" was manufactured by the "TASBIN" Chemical Industries LTD. in Haifa, Eretz Israel , Palestine
.
A nice JUDAICA - ISRAELIANA collectible piece. The SIZE is  around 5.5" x 8 " . Good condition
.
Somewhat creased . ( Please look at scan for actual general image )
Will be shipped flat in a protective packaging.
PAYMENTS
: Payment method accepted : Paypal.
SHIPPMENT
: Shipp worldwide via registered airmail is $ 19 . Will be shipped flat in a protective packaging.
Handling around 5 days after payment.
Haifa חֵיפָה‬‎حيفا‎ From upper left: View of Haifa at Night from Mount Carmel, Bahá'í World Centre, aerial view of the Haifa University, Ahmadiyya Mahmood Mosque, The Carmelit, National Museum of Science, Technology, and Space, View of Haifa at day from Mount Carmel Flag Coat of Arms Map of Haifa Haifa Location in Israel Coordinates: 32°49′0″N 34°59′0″ECoordinates: 32°49′0″N 34°59′0″E Grid position 145/246 PAL Country  Israel District  Haifa Founded 1st century CE Government  • Type City  • Mayor Yona Yahav Area  • City 63,666 dunams(63.666 km2 or 24.582 sq mi) Population (2016)[1]  • City 279,591  • Urban 600,000  • Metro 1,050,000 Website www.haifa.muni.il Haifa (Hebrew: חֵיפָה‬ Hefa [χei̯ˈfa, ˈχai̯fa]; Arabic: حيفا‎ ḥayfa)[2] is the third-largest city in Israel – after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv– with a population of 279,591 in 2016. The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the second- or third-most populous metropolitan area in Israel.[3][4] It is home to the Bahá'í World Centre, a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site and a destination for Bahá'í pilgrims.[5] Built on the slopes of Mount Carmel, the settlement has a history spanning more than 3,000 years. The earliest known settlement in the vicinity was Tell Abu Hawam, a small port city established in the Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE).[6] In the 3rd century CE, Haifa was known as a dye-making center. Over the millennia, the city has changed hands: being conquered and ruled by the Israelites, Phoenicians, Persians, Hasmoneans, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Ottomans, British, and the Israelis. Since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the Haifa Municipality has governed the city. As of 2016, the city is a major seaport located on Israel's Mediterranean coastline in the Bay of Haifa covering 63.7 square kilometres (24.6 sq mi). It lies about 90 kilometres (56 mi) north of Tel Aviv and is the major regional center of northern Israel. According to researcher Jonathan Kis-Lev, Haifa is considered a relative haven for coexistence between Jews and Arabs.[7] Two respected academic institutions, the University of Haifa and the Technion, are located in Haifa, in addition to the largest k-12 school in Israel, the Hebrew Reali School. The city plays an important role in Israel's economy. It is home to Matam, one of the oldest and largest high-tech parks in the country; Haifa also owns the only underground rapid transit system located in Israel, known as The Carmelit.[8][9] Haifa Bay is a center of heavy industry, petroleum refining and chemical processing. Haifa formerly functioned as the western terminus of an oil pipeline from Iraq via Jordan.[10] Contents  [hide]  1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Early history 2.2 Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk rule 2.3 Ottoman era 2.4 British Mandate 2.5 1947–1948 Civil War in Palestine 2.6 State of Israel 3 Demographics 3.1 Religious and ethnic communities 4 Geography 5 Flora and fauna 6 Climate 7 Neighborhoods 8 Urban development 9 Economy 9.1 Tourism 10 Arts and culture 10.1 Museums 11 Government 11.1 Mayors 12 Medical facilities 13 Education 14 Transportation 14.1 Public Transportation 14.2 Air and sea transport 14.3 Roads 15 Sports 16 People from Haifa 17 Twin towns – sister cities 18 See also 19 References 20 Further reading 21 External links Etymology[edit] Western Haifa from the air The earliest named settlement within the domain of modern-day Haifa was a city known as Sycaminum[11] (Tel Shikmona,[12] Hebrew meaning "mound of the Ficus sycomorus trees/bushes," (Arabic Tell el-Sumak or Tell es-Sumak, meaning "mound of the sumak trees") preserved and transformed this ancient name and is mentioned once in the Mishnah (composed c. 200 CE) for the wild fruits that grow around it.,[12] with locals using it to refer to a coastal tell at the foot of the Carmel Mountains that contains its remains.[12][13] The name Efa first appears during Roman rule, some time after the end of the 1st century, when a Roman fortress and small Jewish settlement were established not far from Tel Shikmona.[11][12] Haifa is also mentioned more than 100 times in the Talmud, a work central to Judaism.[12] Hefa or Hepha in Eusebius of Caesarea's 4th-century work, Onomasticon (Onom. 108, 31), is said to be another name for Sycaminus.[14] This synonymizing of the names is explained by Moshe Sharon, who writes that the twin ancient settlements, which he calls Haifa-Sycaminon, gradually expanded into one another, becoming a twin city known by the Greek names Sycaminon or Sycaminos Polis.[12]References to this city end with the Byzantine period.[6] Around the 6th century, Porphyreon or Porphyrea is mentioned in the writings of William of Tyre, and while it lies within the area covered by modern Haifa, it was a settlement situated south of Haifa-Sycaminon.[6][12] Following the Arab conquest in the 7th century, Haifa was used to refer to a site established on Tel Shikmona upon what were already the ruins of Sycaminon (Shiqmona).[12] Haifa (or Haifah) is mentioned by the mid-11th-century Persian chronicler Nasir Khusraw, and the 12th- and 13th-century Arab chroniclers, Muhammad al-Idrisi and Yaqut al-Hamawi.[15] The Crusaders, who captured Haifa briefly in the 12th century, call it Caiphas,[11] and believe its name related to Cephas, the Aramaic name of Simon Peter.[13] Eusebius is also said to have referred to Hefa as Caiaphas civitas,[16] and Benjamin of Tudela, the 12th-century Jewish traveller and chronicler, is said to have attributed the city's founding to Caiaphas, the Jewish high priest at the time of Jesus.[13] Other spellings in English have included Caipha, Kaipha, Caiffa, Kaiffa and Khaifa.[17] Haifa al-'Atiqa (Arabic: "Ancient Haifa") is another name used by some locals to refer to Tell es-Samak, when it was the site of Haifa while a hamlet of 250 residents, before it was moved in 1764-5 to a new fortified site founded by Zahir al-Umar 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometres) to the east.[18] The new village, the nucleus of modern Haifa, was first called al-imara al-jadida (Arabic: "the new construction") by some, but others residing there called it Haifa al-Jadida(Arabic: "New Haifa") at first, and then simply Haifa.[2] In the early 20th century, Haifa al 'Atiqa was repopulated with many Arab Christians in an overall neighborhood in which many Middle Eastern Jews were established inhabitants, as Haifa expanded outward from its new location.[19] The ultimate origin of the name Haifa remains unclear. One theory holds it derives from the name of the high priest Caiaphas. Some Christians believe it was named for Saint Peter, whose Aramaic name was Keiphah.[20] Another theory holds it could be derived from the Hebrew verb root חפה (hafa), meaning to cover or shield, i.e. Mount Carmel covers Haifa;[20] others point to a possible origin in the Hebrew word חוֹף (hof), meaning shore, or חוֹף יָפֶה (hof yafe), meaning beautiful shore.[20][21] History[edit] Main articles: History of Haifa and Timeline of Haifa Jars excavated at Tell Abu Hawam Early history[edit] A town known today as Tell Abu Hawam was established Late Bronze Age (14th century BCE).[6] It was a port and fishing village. During the 6th century BCE, Greek geographer Scylax told of a city "between the bay and the Promontory of Zeus" (i.e., the Carmel) which may be a reference to Shikmona, a locality in the Haifa area, during the Persian period.[6] By Hellenistic times, the city had moved to a new site south of what is now Bat Galim because the port's harbour had become blocked with sand.[6] About the 3rd century CE, the city was first mentioned in Talmudic literature, as a Jewish fishing village and the home of Rabbi Avdimi and other Jewish scholars.[6][22] A Greek-speaking population living along the coast at this time was engaged in commerce.[23] Haifa was located near the town of Shikmona, a center for making the traditional Tekhelet dye used in the garments of the high priests in the Temple. The archaeological site of Shikmona is southwest of Bat Galim.[24] Mount Carmel and the Kishon River are also mentioned in the Bible.[25][26] A grotto on the top of Mount Carmel is known as the "Cave of Elijah",[27] traditionally linked to the Prophet Elijah and his apprentice, Elisha.[25] In Arabic, the highest peak of the Carmel range is called the Muhraka, or "place of burning," harking back to the burnt offerings and sacrifices there in Canaanite and early Israelite times[28] Early Haifa is believed to have occupied the area which extends from the present-day Rambam Hospital to the Jewish Cemetery on Yafo Street. The inhabitants engaged in fishing and agriculture.[29] Under Byzantine rule, Haifa continued to grow but did not assume major importance.[30] Following the Arab conquest of Palestine in the 630s-40s, Haifa was largely overlooked in favor of the port city of 'Akka.[2] Under the Rashidun Caliphate, Haifa began to develop. In the 9th century under the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates, Haifa established trading relations with Egyptian ports and the city featured several shipyards. The inhabitants, Arabs and Jews, engaged in trade and maritime commerce. Glass production and dye-making from marine snails were the city's most lucrative industries.[31] Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk rule[edit] Mount Carmel before 1899 Prosperity ended in 1100 or 1101, when Haifa was besieged and blockaded by European Christians shortly after the end of the First Crusade, and then conquered after a fierce battle with its Jewish inhabitants and Fatimid garrison.[32][33] Under the Crusaders, Haifa was reduced to a small fortified coastal stronghold.[32] It was a part of the Principality of Galilee within the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Following their victory at the Battle of Hattin, Saladin's Ayyubid army captured Haifa in mid-July 1187 and the city's Crusader fortress was destroyed.[6][34] The Crusaders under Richard the Lionheart retook Haifa in 1191.[35] In the 12th century religious hermits started inhabiting the caves on Mount Carmel, and in the 13th century they formed a new Catholic monastic order, the Carmelites.[36] Under Muslim rule, the church which they had built on Mount Carmel was turned into a mosque, later becoming a hospital. In the 19th century, it was restored as a Carmelite monastery, the Stella Maris Monastery. The altar of the church as we see it today, stands over a cave associated with Prophet Elijah.[37] In 1265, the army of Baibars the Mamluk captured Haifa, destroying its fortifications, which had been rebuilt by King Louis IX of France, as well as the majority of the city's homes to prevent the European Crusaders from returning.[38] For much of their rule, the city was desolate in the Mamluk period between the 13th and 16th centuries.[citation needed] Information from this period is scarce.[citation needed] During Mamluk rule in the 14th century, al-Idrisi wrote that Haifa served as the port for Tiberias and featured a "fine harbor for the anchorage of galleys and other vessels.[15] Ottoman era[edit] Haifa in 1898 In 1596, Haifa appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Sahil Atlit of the Liwa of Lajjun. It had a population of 32 Muslim households and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summercrops, olives, and goats or beehives.[39] Haifa was a hamlet of 250 inhabitants in 1764-5. It was located at Tell el-Semak, the site of ancient Sycaminum.[18][40] In 1765 Zahir al-Umar, the Arab ruler of Acre and the Galilee, moved the population to a new fortified site 1.5 miles (2.4 kilometres) to the east and laid waste to the old site.[18][41] According to historian Moshe Sharon, the new Haifa was established by Zahir in 1769.[42] This event marked the beginning of the town's life at its modern location.[18] After al-Umar's death in 1775, the town remained under Ottoman rule until 1918, with the exception of two brief periods. In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Haifa during his unsuccessful campaign to conquer Palestine and Syria, but soon had to withdraw; in the campaign's final proclamation, Napoleon took credit for having razed the fortifications of "Kaïffa" (as the name was spelled at the time) along with those of Gaza, Jaffa and Acre. German Colony in the 19th century Between 1831 and 1840, the Egyptian viceroy Muhammad Ali governed Haifa, after his son Ibrahim Pasha had wrested its control from the Ottomans.[43][44] When the Egyptian occupation ended and Acre declined, the importance of Haifa rose. The British Survey of Western Palestine estimated Haifa's population to be about 3,000 in 1859.[45] The arrival of German messianics, many of whom were Templers in 1868, who settled in what is now known as the German Colony of Haifa, was a turning point in Haifa's development.[44] The Templers built and operated a steam-based power station, opened factories and inaugurated carriage services to Acre, Nazareth and Tiberias, playing a key role in modernizing the city.[46] Palestine Exploration Fund map of Haifa, 1875 The first major wave Jewish immigration to Haifa took place in the mid-19th century from Morocco, with a smaller wave of immigration from Turkey a few years later.[47] In the 1870s, large numbers of Jewish and Arab migrants came to Haifa due to the town's growing prosperity. Jews constituted one-eighth of Haifa's population, almost all of whom were recent immigrants from Morocco and Turkey who lived in the Jewish Quarter, which was located in the eastern part of the town. Continued Jewish immigration gradually raised the Jewish population of Haifa, and included a small number of Ashkenazi families, most of whom opened hotels for Jewish migrants coming into the city. A wave of European Jews arrived at the end of the 19th century from Romania. The Central Jewish Colonisation Society in Romania purchased over 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) near Haifa. As the Jewish settlers had been city dwellers, they hired the former fellahin tenants to instruct them in agriculture.[48] The First Aliyah of the late 19th century and the Second Aliyah of the early 20th century saw Jewish immigrants, mainly from Eastern Europe, arrive in Haifa in significant numbers. The Jewish population rose from 1,500 in 1900 to 3,000 on the eve of World War I.[49] Shrine of the Báb and the Bahá'í gardens on Mount Carmel In 1909, Haifa became important to the Bahá'í Faith when the remains of the Báb, founder of the Bábí Faith and forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh in the Bahá'í Faith, were moved from Acre to Haifa and interred in the shrine built on Mount Carmel. Bahá'ís consider the shrine to be their second holiest place on Earth after the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh in Acre. Its precise location on Mount Carmel was shown by Bahá'u'lláh himself to his eldest son, `Abdu'l-Bahá, in 1891. `Abdu'l-Bahá planned the structure, which was designed and completed several years later by his grandson, Shoghi Effendi. In a separate room, the remains of `Abdu'l-Bahá were buried in November 1921.[50] In the early 20th century, Haifa began to emerge as an industrial port city and growing population center. A branch of the Hejaz railway, known as the Jezreel Valley railway, was built between 1903 and 1905. The railway increased the city's volume of Haifa's trade, and attracted workers and foreign merchants. In 1912, construction began on the Technion Institute of Technology, a Jewish technical school that was to later become one of Israel's top universities, although studies did not begin until 1924. The Jews of Haifa also founded numerous factories and cultural institutions. British Mandate[edit] Indian troops marching in Haifa in 1918 Haifa in October 1918 Haifa in 1930 Kingsway (now HaAtzmaut Road) in the 1930s Haifa was captured from the Ottomans in September 1918 by Indian horsemen of the British Army armed with spears and swords who overran Ottoman positions.[51] On 22 September, British troops were heading to Nazareth when a reconnaissance report was received indicating that the Turks were leaving Haifa. The British made preparations to enter the city and came under fire in the Balad al-Sheikh district (today Nesher). After the British regrouped, an elite unit of Indian horsemen were sent to attack the Turkish positions on the flanks and overrun their artillery guns on Mount Carmel.[51] Buchenwald concentration camp survivors arrive in Haifa to be arrested by the British, 15 July 1945 Under the British Mandate, Haifa saw large-scale development and became an industrial port city.[44][52] The Bahá'í Faith in 1918 and today has its administrative and spiritual centre in the environs of Haifa.[53][54] Many Jewish immigrants of the Fourth Aliyah and Fifth Aliyah settled in Haifa. The port was a major source of income, and the nearby towns of the Krayotwere established in the 1930s. At the same time, the Arab population also swelled by an influx of migrants, coming mainly from surrounding villages as well as Syrian Hauran.[55] The Arab immigration mainly came as a result of prices and salary drop.[55]The 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British authorities, recorded Haifa as having a population of 9,377 Muslims, 8,863 Christians, 6,230 Jews, and 164 others. By the time of the 1931 census of Palestine, this had increased to 20,324 Muslims, 13,824 Christians, 15,923 Jews, and 332 others.[56][57]Between the censuses of 1922 and 1931, the Muslim, Jewish, and Christian populations rose by 217%, 256%, and 156%, respectively.[58] In 1938, 52,000 Jews and 51,000 Muslims and Christians lived in Haifa.[59] Haifa Oil Refinery Haifa's development owed much to British plans to make it a central port and hub for Middle-East crude oil. The British Government of Palestine developed the port and built refineries, thereby facilitating the rapid development of the city as a center for the country's heavy industries. Haifa was also among the first towns to be fully electrified. The Palestine Electric Company inaugurated the Haifa Electrical Power Station already in 1925, opening the door to considerable industrialization.[60] The State-run Palestine Railways also built its main workshops in Haifa. By 1945 the population had shifted to 33% Muslim, 20% Christian and 47% Jewish.[61][62] In 1947, about 70,910 Arabs (41,000 Muslims and 29,910 Christians) and 74,230 Jews were living there.[63] The Christian community were mostly Greek-Melkite Catholics. Haifa Maronite Boy Scouts, 1939. Center: Dr John Macqueen Chief Medical Officer for Haifa 1947–1948 Civil War in Palestine[edit] The 1947 UN Partition Plan in late November 1947 designated Haifa as part of the proposed Jewish state. Arab protests over that decision evolved into violence between Jews and Arabs that left several dozen people dead during December.[64] The Arab city was in anarchy. The local Arab national committee tried to stabilize the situation by organizing garrison, calming the frightened residents and to stop the flight. In a public statement, the national committee called upon the Arab residents to obey orders, be alert, keep calm, and added: "Keep away the cowards who wish to flee. Expell them from your lines. Despise them, because they harm more than the enemy". Despite the efforts, Arab residents abandoned the streets which bordered Jewish neighborhoods and during the days of the general strike instigated by the Arab Higher Committee, some 250 Arab families abandoned the Khalisa neighborhood.[65] On 30 December 1947, members of the Irgun, a Jewish underground militia, threw bombs into a crowd of Arabs outside the gates of the Consolidated Refineries in Haifa, killing six and injuring 42. In response Arab employees of the company killed 39 Jewish employees in what became known as the Haifa Oil Refinery massacre.[66] The Jewish Haganah militia retaliated with a raid on the Arab village of Balad al-Shaykh, where many of the Arab refinery workers lived, in what became known as the Balad al-Shaykh massacre.[67]Control of Haifa was critical in the ensuing civil war, since it was the major industrial and oil refinery port in British Palestine.[citation needed] British forces in Haifa redeployed on 21 April 1948, withdrawing from most of the city while still maintaining control over the port facilities. Two days later the downtown, controlled by a combination of local and foreign (ALA) Arab irregulars was assaulted by Jewish forces in Operation Bi'ur Hametz, by the Carmeli Brigade of the Haganah, commanded by Moshe Carmel.[citation needed] The operation led to a massive displacement of Haifa's Arab population. According to The Economist at the time, only 5,000–6,000 of the city's 62,000 Arabs remained there by 2 October 1948.[68] Contemporaneous sources emphasized the Jewish leadership's attempt to stop the Arab exodus from the city and the Arab leadership as a motivating factor in the refugees' flight. According to the British district superintendent of police, "Every effort is being made by the Jews to persuade the Arab populace to stay and carry on with their normal lives, to get their shops and business open and to be assured that their lives and interests will be safe."[69] Time Magazine wrote on 3 May 1948: The mass evacuation, prompted partly by fear, partly by orders of Arab leaders, left the Arab quarter of Haifa a ghost city ... By withdrawing Arab workers their leaders hoped to paralyze Haifa. Benny Morris said Haifa's Arabs left due to a combination of Zionist threats and encouragement to do so by Arab leaders. Ilan Pappé writes that the shelling culminated in an attack on a Palestinian crowd in the old marketplace using three-inch (76 mm) mortars on 22 April 1948.[70][71][72] Shabtai Levy, the Mayor of the city, and some other Jewish leaders urged Arabs not to leave. According to Ilan Pappé, Jewish loudspeakers could be heard in the city ordering Arab residents to leave "before it's too late."[73] Morris quotes British sources as stating that during the battles between 22 and 23 April 100 Arabs were killed and 100 wounded, but he adds that the total may have been higher.[74] State of Israel[edit] Further information: Declaration of Independence (Israel) View of Haifa Bay from Mount Carmel in 2004 After the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel on 14 May 1948 Haifa became the gateway for Jewish immigration into Israel. During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, the neighborhoods of Haifa were sometimes contested. After the war, Jewish immigrants were settled in new neighborhoods, among them Kiryat Hayim, Ramot Remez, Ramat Shaul, Kiryat Sprinzak, and Kiryat Eliezer. Bnei Zion Hospital (formerly Rothschild Hospital) and the Central Synagogue in Hadar Hacarmel date from this period. In 1953, a master plan was created for transportation and the future architectural layout.[75] In 1959, a group of Sephardi and Mizrahi Jews, mostly Moroccan Jews, rioted in Wadi Salib, claiming the state was discriminating against them.[76] Their demand for "bread and work" was directed at the state institutions and what they viewed as an Ashkenazi elite in the Labor Party and the Histadrut.[77] Tel Aviv gained in status, while Haifa suffered a decline in the role as regional capital. The opening of Ashdod as a port exacerbated this. Tourism shrank when the Israeli Ministry of Tourism placed emphasis on developing Tiberias as a tourist centre.[78] Nevertheless, Haifa's population had reached 200,000 by the early 1970s, and mass immigration from the former Soviet Union boosted the population by a further 35,000.[44] Many of Wadi Salib's historic Ottoman buildings have now been demolished, and in the 1990s a major section of the Old City was razed to make way for a new municipal center.[44][77] From 1999 to 2003, several Palestinian suicide attacks took place in Haifa (in Maxim and Matza restaurants, bus 37, and others), killing 68 civilians. In 2006, Haifa was hit by 93 Hezbollah rockets during the Second Lebanon War, killing 11 civilians and leading to half of the city's population fleeing at the end of the first week of the war.[79] Among the places hit by rockets were a train depot and the oil refinery complex.[80][81]   ebay2368